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Key Symptoms of CAD
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70 Terms
1
Key Symptoms of CAD
Exertional CP and SOB; improved with NTG and rest
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Key Symptoms of MI
exertional CP/pressure and SOB, Nausea/vomiting, and Diaphoresis (sweating)
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3
Define Coronary Artery Disease
Plaque build up to the coronary arteries, leading to poor blood flow to the heart and can cause chronic chest pain (Angina)
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4
Define Myocardial Infarction
Heart muscle tissue death caused by a blockage of a coronary artery.
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5
What diseases make up the "Triple threat"?
DM, HTN, HLD
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6
Key Symptoms of CHF
SOB, orthopnea (SOB worse with lying down and at night) with bilateral leg swelling
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7
Key symptom of AFib
palpitations
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8
Key symptoms of PE
pleuritic CP (worse with deep breathing) and SOB
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9
Key symptoms of COPD
Chronic SOB, wheezing, cough and Chest tightness, worse when sick and over progressive
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10
Key symptoms of Asthma
attacks of SOB, cough, wheezing and chest tightness when triggered and then improved with breath treatments
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11
Key symptoms of PNA
Productive cough, fever, SOB, CP
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12
Define Focal neurological deficits
One area of the brain dysfunctioning leading to specific loss of functions throughout the body such as one sided weakness/numbness, speech and visual issues, loss of coordination
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13
Key symptoms of Ischemic CVA
Focal neurological deficits
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14
Key symptoms of Hemorrhagic CVA
Thunderclap HA, FND
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15
Key symptoms of a TIA
Transient (short-lived) FND
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16
Key symptoms of Meningitis
HA, neck pain/stiffness, fever
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17
Why is NTG given in the ED?
It is a vasodilator. Used to improve blood flow to the heart for CAD and MI
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18
Why is ASA given in the ED?
It is an antiplatelet agent. Used to prevent a blockage in the coronary artery so to prevent an MI.
Some patients also take it daily as a preventative measure.
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19
Why is tPA given?
It is a thrombolytic. It's used to break up the blood clot in the brain during an ischemic stroke
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20
What is the difference between an ischemic CVA and hemorrhagic CVA?
Ischemic CVA is poor blood flow to the brain caused by a clot while hemorrhagic CVA is bleeding in the brain caused by a ruptured blood vessel
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21
What is murphy's sign and what does it indicate?
Specific area of tenderness to the RUQ on abdominal exam indicating cholecystitis
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22
What is mcburney's point sign and what does it indicate?
Specific area of tenderness to the RLQ on the abdominal exam indicating appendicitis
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23
Key symptoms of Cholelithiasis
RUQ pain worse with eating fatty foods
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24
Key symptoms of appendicitis
RLQ pain worse with movement
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25
What condition is characterized by dysuria with frequency and urgency and was found have suprapubic tenderness on exam?
UTI
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26
What condition is characterized by one sided flank pain and hematuria?
Kidney stone (nephrolithiasis/renal calculi)
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27
What condition is characterized by dysuria and flank pain with tenderness to the costovertebral angles?
Pyelonephritis
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28
Define Sepsis
Bacterial infection in the blood causing inflammation throughout the body which can lead to shock and death
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29
Define Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Bulge in the aorta within the abdomen region, which can lead to rupture and death
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30
Define Aortic Dissection
Tear in the aortic lining leading to the blood vessel be ripped away from the muscle causing "ripping and tearing" chest pain, which can lead to death
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31
What is the difference between a STEMI and NSTEMI?
NSTEMIs are smaller blockages to the heart leading to a smaller area of tissue death and do not cause any EKG changes while STEMIs are larger blockages leading to large areas of tissue death and will lead to ST elevations on EKG
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32
What condition is characterized by symptoms of fever/AMS with abnormal vitals?
Sepsis
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33
What does a PMHx of DM, HTN, and HLD put you at risk for?
plaque build up issues such as CAD, MI, Ischemic CVA
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34
These risk factors put the patient at higher risk for what condition?
Recent international travel and sick contact/exposure
meningitis
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35
These risk factors put the patient at higher risk for what condition?Anticoagulant use (blood thinners), recent head injury/trauma, HTN
Hemorrhagic CVA
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36
These risk factors put the patient at higher risk for what condition?triple threat, AFib
Ischemic CVA and also TIA
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37
These risk factors put the patient at higher risk for what condition?
CAD, Triple threat, smoking, FHx
MI
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38
This risk factor puts the patient at higher risk for what condition?
Smoking
chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, and heart disease can be caused by this
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39
These risk factors put the patient at higher risk for what condition?
recent DVT and clotting factors like long traveling, immobilization, hormone changes
PE
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40
This risk factor puts the patient at higher risk for what condition?Alcoholism
AFib
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41
What do we call LOC, passing out, or fainting?
Syncope
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42
What do we call confusion/decreased responsiveness, unrepsonsive?
Altered mental status
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43
what is Mechanism of Injury and why is it important?
Documentation for traumas about how the patient was injured to help us determine the severity of injury
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44
What is Glasgow Coma scale?
Scale from 3-15 that measures a patient's responsiveness on exam used to documentation for trauma
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45
Why do we document blood thinner use for traumas?
It helps us determine risk of internal bleeding
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46
Define cellulitis
Skin cell infection
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47
Define abscess
Skin infection with collection of underlying pus
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48
Pertinent positive/ associated symptoms
Symptoms the patient does have that raises suspicion for certain diagnoses
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49
Pertinent negatives
Symptoms the patient does NOT have that lowers suspicion for certain diagnosis
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50
Risk factors for CAD/MI
Past Medical Hx: CAD/MI, HTN, HLD, DM
Family Hx: CAD/MI <55 years old
Social Hx: Smoking
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51
Risk factors for PE
Past Medical Hx: Known DVT, previous DVT or PE. Afib
Social Hx: Smoking
Other: recent surgery, cancer, pregnancy, birth control pills or other hormone replacement meds
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52
Risk Factors for ischemic stroke
Past Medical Hx: TIA/CVA, Afib, HTN, HLD, DM
Family Hx: CVA
Social Hx: Smoking
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53
Risk Factors for hemorrhagic stroke
Recent head trauma
Use of anticoagulants
Uncontrolled HTN
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54
True or false: A patient had a heart attack requiring cardiac stents in 2014. This means they have CAD.
TRUE
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55
2 types of MI :
STEMI and NON-STEMI
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56
Patient takes lasix 40 mg BID (Twice daily). This means they likely have a history of
CHF
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57
Coumadin is a(n) _______
Blood thinner / anticoagulant
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58
How does your provider diagnose Afib?
EKG / ECG
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59
Define angina
chest pain due to coronary artery disease
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60
Treatment of bacterial pneumonia
antibiotics
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61
Treatment of COPD
bronchodilators, supplemental oxygen, corticosteroids, potentially ventilatory support
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62
Classic symptoms of meningitis
neck pain/stiffness, headache, fever, AMS
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63
What is a common cause of AMS in elderly patients?
UTI
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64
Define dysuria
painful urination
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65
Define hematuria
blood in the urine
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66
Define diaphoresis
sweating
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67
True or false: the chief complaint of back pain is almost always benign.
True
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68
Symptoms of AAA
midline abdominal pain
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69
Symptoms of aortic aneurysm
ripping / tearing chest pain that may radiate into the back
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70
If a patient has certain confirmed past medical or surgical histories, it means they have coronary artery diseases. Name 2 or more of these histories
Angina
MI
CABG
Cardiac stents or angioplasty
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